essential part of the technique of bovine embryo transfer and is typically achieved via injection of eCG or FSH and LH; commonly referred to as superovulation (Chapter 24). SYBR-14 Sperm cell membrane permeable stain that binds DNA and is commonly used in computer-assisted sperm analysis (Chapter 74).
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syndesmochorial placenta Type of placentation characterized by an endometrial attachment to the chorion with a limited amount of destruction of the endometrial epithelium (Chapter 25).
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tachyzoite Motile form of cyst-causing microorganisms which rapidly grow and asexually replicate via endodyogeny (Chapter 62).
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TaqMan Hydrolysis probes designed to increase the specificity of real-time PCR assays (Chapter 61).
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teratogenic Of, relating to, or causing malformations of an embryo or a fetus (Chapter 54).
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torticollis Wryneck; a contracted state of the cervical muscles, producing torsion of the neck (Chapter 54).
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totipotent Able to differentiate along any line or into any type of cell (Chapter 67).
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transcription factor Protein that binds to a sequence of DNA and controls the transcription of information from DNA to mRNA (Chapter 25).
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tropism Growth response in a nonmotile organism elicited by an external stimulus; either toward (positive tropism) or away from (negative tropism) the stimulus (Chapter 54).
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version Rotation of the fetus on its transverse axis (Chapter 47).
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vertical transmission Spread of a disease from one generation to the next either congenitally or genetically (Chapter 62).
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vitrification Process of changing or making into glass or a glassy substance, especially through heat fusion (Chapter 81).
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voluntary waiting period (VWP) Desired amount of time between calving and first service (Chapter 41).
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xenobiotic Any substance, harmful or not, that is foreign to the animal’s biological system (Chapter 71).
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zwitterion Ion with both positive and negative regions of charge; dipolar ion (Chapter 77).
Index
Abaxial placement, 74 Abnormal midpiece, 74 Abnormal offspring syndrome classifications, 621, 622 development, 22–7 dystocia, 409 long term effects, 629 mechanisms, 629–32 Abnormal sperm morphology classification, 71–3 due to temperature, 27–9, 76 Abortion
causes infectious, 499–509 bacterial, 499–504 fungal, 508, 509, 575–8 protozoal, 507, 508 viral, 504–7 iatrogenic, 317, 318 non-infectious, 498, 499 diagnosis, 492, 493 induction, 401 pathogenesis, 482, 483 pathology, 481, 482 Abscess cervical, 338 preputial, 142 retropreputial, 117, 118, 142, 143 uterine, 338, 339 vaginal, 338 Acardiac twins, 342, 495 Accessory organs, 9, 51 Aflatoxins, 599 American Embryo Transfer Association (AETA), 728 Amorphous globosus, 342 Anaplasmosis, 504 Anasarca, 341, 615, 616 Anatomy bull, 5–9 cow, 191–4, 332–4 Anesthesia (local), 131–5 Anovulation, 211, 335, 336 Antiluteolytic, 245 Antral follicle count, 239, 240 Arboviruses, 682, 683
Arcanobacterium (Trueperella) pyogenes infection, 501, 502 Arginine-phenylalanine-amide related peptide (RFRP), 212–13 Arsenic, 601 Arthrogryposis multiplex (AM), 609 Artifacts, 343–5 Artificial insemination (AI), 295–302 Artificial insemination center (AIC), 97–102, 679–83 Ateleia glazioviana , 591
Balanoposthitis, 144 Bang’s disease see Brucellosis Basket catheter, 176 Beam width artifacts, 343 Beltsville sperm sexing technology, 671 Bent tail defect, 77 Biocontainment plan, 260 Biosecurity, 95, 97–9, 261–5, 642, 714, 715, 728
Bladder rupture, 179 Blockage shadows, 340 Blom sperm defect classification, 71 Bluetongue virus (BTV), 505, 506, 682, 683 Body condition scoring (BCS) beef, 276–9 dairy, 286 Bootlace technique, 386 Bovine arachnomelia syndrome (AS), 610 Bovine citrullinemia (BC), 610 Bovine herpesvirus-1 see Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis Bovine herpesvirus-4, 505 Bovine herpesvirus-5, 505 Bovine leukosis virus (BLV), 683, 715 Bovine parvovirus, 507 Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) characteristics, 545, 546 control, 93, 554, 555 diagnosis, 98, 505, 553, 554, 680 infection of conceptus, 505, 550, 551 persistently infected animals, 551, 552 prevalence, 546–8 transmission, 551, 552, 679, 680, 752–4 Brachyspina syndrome, 611, 612
Breeding injury, 102, 122 Breeding soundness examination (BSE) classifications, 59, 92 electronic records, 784–6, 789 evaluation protocol, 59, 67 form, 59, 60, 787, 788 history, 58, 59, 784, 785 limitations, 59, 61 physical examination, 64–6, 137, 142, 143 semen evaluation, 68 standards, 62, 66, 137 Broom snakeweed, 592 Brucellosis abortion, 500–501 diagnosis, 98, 535, 681 pathogenicity, 534, 535, 681 strains, 533, 534 vaccination, 535, 536 zoonoses, 537 Buhner stitch, 385, 386 Bull to cow ratio, 94, 95
Cadmium, 601 Calf diarrhea causes, 641, 642, 648 management, 642, 643, 647, 648 Calf management following dystocia, 407 health maintenance, 639–43, 647, 648 housing, 647 neonates, 639–43, 646, 647 nutrition, 646, 647 weaning, 647 Calf presentation, 406, 418, 419 Calving ease, 405, 406 Campylobacteriosis abortion, 499–500 diagnosis, 520, 521 etiology, 518 pathogenesis, 518, 519 pathology, 519, 520 prevention, 93, 521 testing, 98, 520, 521, 682 transmission, 518, 519, 681 treatment, 522
Carbamate insecticide toxicity, 604 Cardiovascular function (during pregnancy), 248, 249 Caslick’s suture, 385 Caudal epidural anesthesia, 133 Cavernosography, 159, 160 double barrel cervix, 711 inverted Y cervix, 711 Y cervix, 711 Cervical eversion, 383–90, 393 Cervical prolapse see Cervical eversion Cervical tear, 473 Cervicopexy, 389, 390 Cervix anatomy, 191, 192 Cesarean section indications, 424–6 surgical approaches, 426–30 Chlamydia, 502, 503 Circulating nucleic acids, 323 Circumcision, 148–50 Client relations, 375–8 Cloning, 771–82 Closed herd, 349, 350 Clover (moldy), 593 Codominance, 230 Coiled tail, 74, 76, 77 Coitus, 113, 114 Cold shock, 297, 298, 663 Colostrum, 646, 647 Colpotomy, 476, 477 Compensable defects, 71, 72 Complex vertebral malformation (CVM), 612 Computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA), 685–7, 690–693 Congenital contractural arachnodactyly (CA), 612 Conjoined twins, 342 Corpus luteum (CL), 234–6 Corticosteroids (pharmacological use to induce parturition), 398–400 Coxiella burnetii infection, 503 Crooked tail syndrome (CTS), 612, 613 Cryopreservation cell injury, 662 embryos, 718–22, 764 freezing, 666, 667, 720 handling, 297, 298 packaging, 666, 719, 720 pathogen control, 683, 749–54 protocol, 665–8 storage, 296, 297, 668 thawing, 297, 298, 668, 721 vitrification, 721, 722 Cryoprotectants, 664, 665, 719 Crystal defects, 344 Cystic ovarian disease (cystic ovarian follicles) classification, 449 diagnosis, 334–6, 450, 451 incidence, 449, 450 physiology, 450 risk factors, 453 treatment, 451–3 Cystotomy, 176 Cytokines, 15 Cytoplasmic droplet, 73
Dag defect, 72, 74 Deficiency of uridine monophosphate synthase (DUMPS), 476, 613 Dematiaceous hyphomycetes, 575 Detached head, 76 Developmental duplication (DD), 613 Developmental programming, 199, 240, 255, 269, 270, 280, 629–32 Diagnostic testing, 262, 347–9, 359–63 Dietary cation–anion difference (DCAD), 287 Diphallus,120 Disaster preparedness, 265 Disinfection, 265 Distal midpiece reflex, 73, 74 Dominant follicle, 228–30 Donor evaluation, 339, 340 Double barrel cervix, 711 Dropsy, 496 Ductus deferens, 6 Dwarfism, 610, 611 Dystocia causes, 409–15 see also Calf presentation diagnosis, 411–13, 418 genetics, 404–6 injuries, 471–4 prevention, 404, 415 risk factors, 640, 641 treatment, 411, 412, 419–23
Early pregnancy factor (EPF), 322 Electroejaculation, 68–70 Electronic bull breeding soundness evaluation see Breeding soundness examination Elongation (of the conceptus), 246 Embryo collection biosecurity, 750, 751 collection media, 703 collection procedure, 704–10 equipment, 704 horn flush, 709 issues, 711–13 timing, 703 Embryo grading, 718, 733–8, 744–7 Embryo transfer effects of heat stress, 585 effects on offspring development, 620, 621 embryo deposition, 715–17 embryonic pathogens, 749–54 frozen embryos thawing, 717 transfer, 717 IVF derived embryos, 766 prevalence, 620 procedure, 715–17 Embryonic development, 246, 247, 250–252, 622–5, 734–7, 765 Endocrine disrupting compounds, 603, 604 Endocrinology abortion, 400, 401 bull puberty, 30–37 estrous cycle, 203–9 heifer puberty, 195, 196, 209, 210 parturition, 396, 397 placenta, 432, 433 postpartum, 210–212, 457, 458
pregnancy, 249–50 testes, 14–19 Endometritis characterization, 441 diagnosis, 337, 442–4 treatment, 446 Enhancement artifacts, 344 Enterolobium spp., 591 Epididymectomy, 182 Epigenetics see Developmental programming Epizootic bovine abortion (EBA) abortion, 503 control, 566 diagnosis, 562 etiology, 562–4 pathogenesis, 564, 565 transmission, 565, 566 Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV), 506, 682 Equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), 312, 467, 696, 697 Erection, 113, 157, 158 Ergot alkaloids, 597–9 Ergotism, 598, 599 Estradiol estrous cycle, 203–8 estrus synchronization, 306 follicular dynamics, 227–30 heifer sexual development infantile period, 195 peripubertal period, 195, 196, 209, 210 prenatal period, 195 postpartum, 210–212, 464 superovulation, 698 Estrous cycle, 203–8 Estrus detection chin ball marker, 291–3 effectiveness, 371 electronic systems, 291, 292 patches, 291, 292 tail paint, 291, 292 teaser animals, 181, 291–4 visual observation, 290, 291 Estrus synchronization CO-synch, 357 dairy heifers, 356, 357 eCG, 312 estradiol, 306 evaluation via ultrasound, 337, 658, 659 GnRH, 305, 306, 309–11, 658, 659 history, 655, 656 melengestrol acetate, 657 Presynch, 311 progestins, 307–12, 655–7, 659 prostaglandins, 239, 309–12, 658, 659 recipients, 715, 724–6 Expected progeny differences (EPDs), 404–6 Extenders, 663–5 Extraembryonic membranes, 246, 247 Extruded cells, 740, 741
Fascia lata graft, 167–70 Fat (dietary), 279, 285, 286 Fawn calf syndrome see Congenital contractural arachnodactyly
