Index
Abaxial placement, 74 Abnormal midpiece, 74 Abnormal offspring syndrome classifications, 621, 622 development, 22–7 dystocia, 409 long term effects, 629 mechanisms, 629–32 Abnormal sperm morphology classification, 71–3 due to temperature, 27–9, 76 Abortion
causes infectious, 499–509 bacterial, 499–504 fungal, 508, 509, 575–8 protozoal, 507, 508 viral, 504–7 iatrogenic, 317, 318 non-infectious, 498, 499 diagnosis, 492, 493 induction, 401 pathogenesis, 482, 483 pathology, 481, 482 Abscess cervical, 338 preputial, 142 retropreputial, 117, 118, 142, 143 uterine, 338, 339 vaginal, 338 Acardiac twins, 342, 495 Accessory organs, 9, 51 Aflatoxins, 599 American Embryo Transfer Association (AETA), 728 Amorphous globosus, 342 Anaplasmosis, 504 Anasarca, 341, 615, 616 Anatomy bull, 5–9 cow, 191–4, 332–4 Anesthesia (local), 131–5 Anovulation, 211, 335, 336 Antiluteolytic, 245 Antral follicle count, 239, 240 Arboviruses, 682, 683
Arcanobacterium (Trueperella) pyogenes infection, 501, 502 Arginine-phenylalanine-amide related peptide (RFRP), 212–13 Arsenic, 601 Arthrogryposis multiplex (AM), 609 Artifacts, 343–5 Artificial insemination (AI), 295–302 Artificial insemination center (AIC), 97–102, 679–83 Ateleia glazioviana , 591
Balanoposthitis, 144 Bang’s disease see Brucellosis Basket catheter, 176 Beam width artifacts, 343 Beltsville sperm sexing technology, 671 Bent tail defect, 77 Biocontainment plan, 260 Biosecurity, 95, 97–9, 261–5, 642, 714, 715, 728
Bladder rupture, 179 Blockage shadows, 340 Blom sperm defect classification, 71 Bluetongue virus (BTV), 505, 506, 682, 683 Body condition scoring (BCS) beef, 276–9 dairy, 286 Bootlace technique, 386 Bovine arachnomelia syndrome (AS), 610 Bovine citrullinemia (BC), 610 Bovine herpesvirus-1 see Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis Bovine herpesvirus-4, 505 Bovine herpesvirus-5, 505 Bovine leukosis virus (BLV), 683, 715 Bovine parvovirus, 507 Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) characteristics, 545, 546 control, 93, 554, 555 diagnosis, 98, 505, 553, 554, 680 infection of conceptus, 505, 550, 551 persistently infected animals, 551, 552 prevalence, 546–8 transmission, 551, 552, 679, 680, 752–4 Brachyspina syndrome, 611, 612
Breeding injury, 102, 122 Breeding soundness examination (BSE) classifications, 59, 92 electronic records, 784–6, 789 evaluation protocol, 59, 67 form, 59, 60, 787, 788 history, 58, 59, 784, 785 limitations, 59, 61 physical examination, 64–6, 137, 142, 143 semen evaluation, 68 standards, 62, 66, 137 Broom snakeweed, 592 Brucellosis abortion, 500–501 diagnosis, 98, 535, 681 pathogenicity, 534, 535, 681 strains, 533, 534 vaccination, 535, 536 zoonoses, 537 Buhner stitch, 385, 386 Bull to cow ratio, 94, 95
Cadmium, 601 Calf diarrhea causes, 641, 642, 648 management, 642, 643, 647, 648 Calf management following dystocia, 407 health maintenance, 639–43, 647, 648 housing, 647 neonates, 639–43, 646, 647 nutrition, 646, 647 weaning, 647 Calf presentation, 406, 418, 419 Calving ease, 405, 406 Campylobacteriosis abortion, 499–500 diagnosis, 520, 521 etiology, 518 pathogenesis, 518, 519 pathology, 519, 520 prevention, 93, 521 testing, 98, 520, 521, 682 transmission, 518, 519, 681 treatment, 522
Carbamate insecticide toxicity, 604 Cardiovascular function (during pregnancy), 248, 249 Caslick’s suture, 385 Caudal epidural anesthesia, 133 Cavernosography, 159, 160 double barrel cervix, 711 inverted Y cervix, 711 Y cervix, 711 Cervical eversion, 383–90, 393 Cervical prolapse see Cervical eversion Cervical tear, 473 Cervicopexy, 389, 390 Cervix anatomy, 191, 192 Cesarean section indications, 424–6 surgical approaches, 426–30 Chlamydia, 502, 503 Circulating nucleic acids, 323 Circumcision, 148–50 Client relations, 375–8 Cloning, 771–82 Closed herd, 349, 350 Clover (moldy), 593 Codominance, 230 Coiled tail, 74, 76, 77 Coitus, 113, 114 Cold shock, 297, 298, 663 Colostrum, 646, 647 Colpotomy, 476, 477 Compensable defects, 71, 72 Complex vertebral malformation (CVM), 612 Computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA), 685–7, 690–693 Congenital contractural arachnodactyly (CA), 612 Conjoined twins, 342 Corpus luteum (CL), 234–6 Corticosteroids (pharmacological use to induce parturition), 398–400 Coxiella burnetii infection, 503 Crooked tail syndrome (CTS), 612, 613 Cryopreservation cell injury, 662 embryos, 718–22, 764 freezing, 666, 667, 720 handling, 297, 298 packaging, 666, 719, 720 pathogen control, 683, 749–54 protocol, 665–8 storage, 296, 297, 668 thawing, 297, 298, 668, 721 vitrification, 721, 722 Cryoprotectants, 664, 665, 719 Crystal defects, 344 Cystic ovarian disease (cystic ovarian follicles) classification, 449 diagnosis, 334–6, 450, 451 incidence, 449, 450 physiology, 450 risk factors, 453 treatment, 451–3 Cystotomy, 176 Cytokines, 15 Cytoplasmic droplet, 73
Dag defect, 72, 74 Deficiency of uridine monophosphate synthase (DUMPS), 476, 613 Dematiaceous hyphomycetes, 575 Detached head, 76 Developmental duplication (DD), 613 Developmental programming, 199, 240, 255, 269, 270, 280, 629–32 Diagnostic testing, 262, 347–9, 359–63 Dietary cation–anion difference (DCAD), 287 Diphallus,120 Disaster preparedness, 265 Disinfection, 265 Distal midpiece reflex, 73, 74 Dominant follicle, 228–30 Donor evaluation, 339, 340 Double barrel cervix, 711 Dropsy, 496 Ductus deferens, 6 Dwarfism, 610, 611 Dystocia causes, 409–15 see also Calf presentation diagnosis, 411–13, 418 genetics, 404–6 injuries, 471–4 prevention, 404, 415 risk factors, 640, 641 treatment, 411, 412, 419–23
Early pregnancy factor (EPF), 322 Electroejaculation, 68–70 Electronic bull breeding soundness evaluation see Breeding soundness examination Elongation (of the conceptus), 246 Embryo collection biosecurity, 750, 751 collection media, 703 collection procedure, 704–10 equipment, 704 horn flush, 709 issues, 711–13 timing, 703 Embryo grading, 718, 733–8, 744–7 Embryo transfer effects of heat stress, 585 effects on offspring development, 620, 621 embryo deposition, 715–17 embryonic pathogens, 749–54 frozen embryos thawing, 717 transfer, 717 IVF derived embryos, 766 prevalence, 620 procedure, 715–17 Embryonic development, 246, 247, 250–252, 622–5, 734–7, 765 Endocrine disrupting compounds, 603, 604 Endocrinology abortion, 400, 401 bull puberty, 30–37 estrous cycle, 203–9 heifer puberty, 195, 196, 209, 210 parturition, 396, 397 placenta, 432, 433 postpartum, 210–212, 457, 458
pregnancy, 249–50 testes, 14–19 Endometritis characterization, 441 diagnosis, 337, 442–4 treatment, 446 Enhancement artifacts, 344 Enterolobium spp., 591 Epididymectomy, 182 Epigenetics see Developmental programming Epizootic bovine abortion (EBA) abortion, 503 control, 566 diagnosis, 562 etiology, 562–4 pathogenesis, 564, 565 transmission, 565, 566 Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV), 506, 682 Equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), 312, 467, 696, 697 Erection, 113, 157, 158 Ergot alkaloids, 597–9 Ergotism, 598, 599 Estradiol estrous cycle, 203–8 estrus synchronization, 306 follicular dynamics, 227–30 heifer sexual development infantile period, 195 peripubertal period, 195, 196, 209, 210 prenatal period, 195 postpartum, 210–212, 464 superovulation, 698 Estrous cycle, 203–8 Estrus detection chin ball marker, 291–3 effectiveness, 371 electronic systems, 291, 292 patches, 291, 292 tail paint, 291, 292 teaser animals, 181, 291–4 visual observation, 290, 291 Estrus synchronization CO-synch, 357 dairy heifers, 356, 357 eCG, 312 estradiol, 306 evaluation via ultrasound, 337, 658, 659 GnRH, 305, 306, 309–11, 658, 659 history, 655, 656 melengestrol acetate, 657 Presynch, 311 progestins, 307–12, 655–7, 659 prostaglandins, 239, 309–12, 658, 659 recipients, 715, 724–6 Expected progeny differences (EPDs), 404–6 Extenders, 663–5 Extraembryonic membranes, 246, 247 Extruded cells, 740, 741
Fascia lata graft, 167–70 Fat (dietary), 279, 285, 286 Fawn calf syndrome see Congenital contractural arachnodactyly
Fescue toxicosis, 279, 597, 598 Fetal aging, 326 Fetal anomalies, 341, 342 Fetal development, 250, 252, 253, 625–7 Fetal lesions, 484, 485 Fetal maceration, 402, 494 Fetal programming see Developmental programming Fetal sexing, 330–332 Fetotomy, 420–423 Fibropapilloma, 155, 156 Fibrotic lesions of the testes, 81, 82, 105–7 Flow cytometry, 671, 687–93 Follicle ablation, 698 Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) bull, 14, 19, 34–5 estrous cycle, 203, 204, 206–8 follicular dynamics, 227–30, 304 postpartum, 210–212, 457, 458 superovulation, 696–700 Follicular cysts see Cystic ovarian disease Follicular dynamics normal estrous cycle, 220–223, 304, 305 old age 238, 239 postpartum, 238 pregnancy, 237 prepubertal, 237 superovulation, 697 Follicular waves, 223–8, 230, 231, 696, 697 Folliculogenesis, 219, 220 Foothill abortion see Epizootic bovine abortion Forced extraction, 419 Freemartinism, 250–252 Frostbite, 144, 145
Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), 19 Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) bull sexual development infantile period, 30–32 prepubertal period, 32–5 puberty, 35 cystic follicles, 451 estrous cycle, 203–8 estrus synchronization, 305, 306, 309–11, 658, 659 heifer sexual development infantile period, 195 peripubertal period, 195, 196, 209, 210 prenatal period, 195 postpartum, 210–212, 457, 458 resumption of cyclicity, 465–7 superovulation, 696, 698, 699 Gossypol, 104, 280 Growth implants, 199
Hairy vetch, 591 Halstead technique, 386, 387 Head defects, 74–6 Heat see Estrus detection; Estrus
synchronization Heat stress, 286, 580–585 Heavy metal toxicity, 600 Hemlock, 595, 596 Hepatic charge, 284 Hepatic lipidosis, 284, 285
Herd health beef, 347–51 dairy, 273, 274, 353–7 Histophilus somni infection, 501 Histotroph, 247 Hormone teratogenicity, 604, 605 Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), 320, 451, 452 Hydrallantois, 412, 413, 496 Hydramnios, 413, 496 Hydrocephalus, 409, 410, 496, 497 Hypocalcemia, 286 Hypospadias, 119 Hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis, 14, 30, 51, 195
Induction of abortion, 401 Induction of parturition indications, 397 methods, 398–401 precautions, 397, 398 Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) clinical signs, 542 control, 93, 543 diagnosis, 543, 682 epidemiology, 541, 542 etiology, 541 infection of conceptus, 504, 505 pathophysiology, 144, 145, 543 Infrared thermography, 27, 138 Inherited congenital myoclonus (ICM), 613 Inhibin, 19, 227 Insemination, 298–302 Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), 36, 37, 209, 230 Insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3), 18 Interferon stimulated genes, 322, 323 Interferon-tau, 245, 246, 322, 323 International Embryo Transfer Society (IETS), 734 Intromission, 7, 119 Inverted L block, 132 Inverted Y cervix, 711 In vitro fertilization cryopreservation, 764 culture, 763, 764 fertilization, 762, 763 issues, 766, 767 media, 760, 761 oocyte collection, 758–60 oocyte maturation, 761, 762 transfer, 764, 766
Johne’s disease, 714, 715
Ketosis, 284–6 Kisspeptin, 212 Knobbed acrosome, 74, 75
Lameness, 101, 102 Large offspring syndrome see Abnormal offspring syndrome Lead, 601, 602 Leptospirosis abortion, 500 control, 93, 531, 532 diagnosis, 98, 500, 531, 681 epidemiology, 529, 530
pathogenesis, 530, 531 transmission, 530, 681 Leydig cell, 13–18 Libido, 51, 59, 61 Line block, 131 Listeriosis, 501 Lithotripsy, 175 Locoweeds 104, 593, 594 Lupines, 594, 595 Luteal dynamics, 234–6 Luteinizing hormone (LH) bull, 14, 30–35 follicular dynamics, 228–30, 304 heifer sexual development infantile period, 195 peripubertal period, 195, 196 prenatal period, 195 luteolysis, 236, 237 ovulation, 233 postpartum, 457, 458 superovulation, 697 Luteolysis, 236, 237, 306–8 Luteotropin, 245 Lymphosarcoma (uterine), 338
Major sperm defect, 71 Management breeding management (to minimize disease), 263 bulls breeding season, 94, 95 bull stud, 97–102 post-breeding season, 95 pre-breeding, 92–4 dairy calves, 646–8 donor cows, 703 dystocia prevention, 404–7 effects on heifer age at puberty, 197–9 heat stress, 585 neonates, 639–43, 646, 647 recipients, 715, 727, 728 replacement beef heifers breeding season, 269 post-breeding, 269, 270, 407 pre-breeding, 268, 269 Marketing the practice, 374–8 Marsupialization, 178 Maternal recognition of pregnancy, 245–50 Maternally imprinted PEG3 domain, 613, 614 Meiosis, 20 Melengestrol acetate (MGA), 657 Membrane slip, 315 Metabolic disorders, 284–7 Metritis causes, 283, 284 characterization, 441, 442 diagnosis, 337, 442 treatment, 445, 446 Midpiece defects, 73, 74 Milk fever, 286 Milk urea nitrogen, 285 Mimosa spp., 597 Minchev vaginopexy, 387–9 Minor sperm defect, 71 Mirror image artifacts, 344 Mismating, 401 Moles, 495
